In their landmark study of slavery in Africa, anthropologists Susanne Miers and Igor Kopytoff wrote that whereas freedom is considered to be the opposite of slavery in the West for African societies, “the opposite of slavery is belonging.” After surveying the institution of slavery across Africa, Miers and Kopytoff found that African societies sought to incorporate captives into the lineage group of their captors even though the process occurred over generations. Read the excerpt from Scottish explorer Mungo Park’s account of slavery along the Gambia River and the interviews by German Missionary Koelle compiled by historian P.E.H. Hair. How do these accounts help you better understand the meaning of slavery in African societies? What do these first-hand accounts tell you about the different types of institutions of “slavery” in Africa during the era of the transatlantic slave trade? Continue reading
Day: August 27, 2018
B. F. Skinner was a pioneer in the field of psychology. He built on the behaviorist theories of Ivan Pavlov and John Watson, emphasizing the importance of using reward and punishment to change behavior. His methods continue to be influential in the fields of psychology and education, including computer-based instruction. Write a three- to five-page paper, and a bibliography, on the life and work of B. F. Skinner, founder of the operant conditioning school of behavioral psychology. This project will increase your knowledge of B. F. Skinner’s life and work and help you recognize his continuing influence in the psychology and education fields. Using five or more sources, research Skinner’s life and major contributions to the field of psychology.
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Consider the article Why the Faithful Approve of Torture. From the perspective of, (e.g., Bill Moyers, the Politics of Denial/Raised to Rage, personality, and politics), comment on the article. You can agree or disagree with the article’s explanation for why the religious appear to support torture, but refer to material whenever you can in your answer. Continue reading
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